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Description

RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.1, UniProt P31749, also known as PKB, PKB alpha, Protein kinase B, Protein kinase B alpha, Proto-oncogene c-Akt, RAC-PK-alpha) is encoded by the AKT1 (also known as PKB, RAC) gene (Gene ID 207) in human. AKTs (protein kinase Bs) are serine/threonine kinases that play an important role in signal transduction pathways involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and diabetes. There exit three types of AKTs (alpha, beta, gamma or AKT 1, 2, 3) sharing a high degree of homology, but differing slightly in the localization of their regulatory phosphorylation sites. AKT alpha is the predominant isoform in most tissues, whereas the highest expression of AKT beta is observed in the insulin-responsive tissues, and AKT gamma is abundant in brain tissue. Each AKT type is composed of three functionally distinct regions, including an N-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain that provides a lipid-binding module to direct Akt to PIP2 and PIP3, a central catalytic domain, and a C-terminal hydrophobic motif.