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Beschreibung

Tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 (UniProt: P09758, also known as Cell surface glycoprotein Trop-2, Trophoblast antigen 2, Membrane component chromosome 1 surface marker 1, Pancreatic carcinoma marker protein GA733-1) is encoded by the TACSTD2 (also known as GA733-1, M1S1, TROP2) gene (Gene ID: 4070) in human. TROP2 is a single-pass type 1 membrane glycoprotein that is synthesized with a signal peptide (aa 1-26), which is subsequently cleaved off to generate the mature form that contains an extracellular domain (aa 27-274), a transmembrane domain (aa 275-297), and a cytoplasmic domain (aa 298-323). It contains both extracellular epidermal growth factor-like and thyroglobulin type-1 repeat domains. Its expression is observed in placenta and is highly expressed in many cancers where it plays a role in tumor progression. About 85% of all solid cancers display increased expression of TROP2. Its expression is also reported in stem cells in various tissues. TROP2 expression in cancer cells has been correlated with drug resistance. Upregulation of TROP2 is reported to drive the expression and activation of CREB1, Jun, NF-kB, Rb, STAT1, and STAT3 through induction of the cyclin D1 and the ERK pathways. Mutations in TACSTD2 is known to cause corneal dystrophy of the gelatinous drop-like type (GDLD), an autosomal recessive disorder that is characterized by pathognomonic branching lattice figures in the cornea leading to blindness. (Ref.: Sayama, Y., et al. (2021). Biochem. Biophys. Rep. 25, 100902, Anna Shvartsur, A., and Bonavida, B. (2015). Genes Cancer. 6(3-4), 84-105).