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Beschreibung

Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (UniProt: P49771, also known as Flt3 ligand, Flt3L, SL cytokine) is encoded by the FLT3LG gene (Gene ID: 2323) in human. Flt3 ligand is a single-pass type I membrane glycoprotein that is synthesized with a signal peptide (aa 1-26), which is subsequently cleaved off to generate the mature form that contains an extracellular domain (aa 27-184), a transmembrane domain (aa 185-205), and a cytoplasmic domain (aa 206-235). Flt3-ligand is an important regulator of hematopoiesis that synergizes with a number of colony-stimulating factors and interleukins. It is expressed on myeloid, lymphoid, and dendritic cell progenitors. Expression of its receptor is restricted only to hematopoietic progenitors, early B cells and myeloid cells. Binding of Flt3-ligand to its receptor (Flt3) leads to receptor homodimerization and subsequent conformational changes that result in phosphorylation of its tyrosine kinase domains. This leads to rapid activation of receptor, its internalization, downstream actions, and degradation. Administration of Flt-3 ligand to mice is shown to cause a significant expansion of both CD8 + and CD8 dendritic cells at multiple sites, including spleen, lymph nodes, thymus, liver, lung, and bone marrow. Three isoforms of Flt3 have been described that are produced by alternative splicing. Isoform one is a single-pass type I membrane protein, isoform 2 is a homodimeric secreted or extracellular protein, and isoform 3 lacks the first 82 amino acids. (Ref.: Tsapogas, P., et al. (2017). Int. J. Mol. Sci. 18(6): 1115).