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Beschreibung

Interleukin-22 (UniProt: Q9GZX6, also known as IL-22, Cytokine Zcyto18, IL-10-related T-cell-derived-inducible factor, IL-TIF) is encoded by the IL22 (also known as ILTIF, ZCYTO18, UNQ3099/PRO10096) gene (Gene ID: 50616) in human. IL-22 is an -helical cytokine that contributes to the inflammatory response in vivo. It is a secretory protein that is synthesized with a signal peptide (aa 1-33), which is subsequently cleaved off to produce the mature protein. It is immediately produced to initiate immune response against several tissue impairments. It is considered as a fundamental mediator in inflammation, mucous production, protective role against pathogens, wound healing, and tissue regeneration. It is produced by several populations of immune cells, including macrophages, beta T cells classes Th1, Th22, and Th17 cells at the site of inflammation. It is shown to up-regulate a number of mucus associated genes, such as MUC1, MUC3, MUC10, and MUC13 in colonic and tracheal epithelial cells. Along with IL-17A, it also produces pulmonary mucus as a control against Gram negative pathogens. Its biological activity is initiated by binding to a cell-surface complex composed of IL-22R1 and IL-10R2 receptor chains and further regulated by interactions with a soluble binding protein (IL-22BP). IL-22 is shown to have a very high affinity for binding to IL-22BP, which acts as a natural antagonist of IL-22. IL-22BP binding occurs at specific sites on IL-22 that are also utilized by IL-22R1. (Ref.: Arshad, T., et al. (2020). Front. Immunol. 11, 2148).