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Beschreibung

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) (UniProt Q15116), also known as CD279, hPD-1, hPD-I, hSLE1, Protein PD-1, Systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility 2) is a type I single transmembrane protein encoded by the PDCD1 gene in human. Maintenance of peripheral tolerance by preventing the development of autoimmunity due to T lymphocytes specific for self-antigens is essential for homeostasis of the immune system. PD-1 receptor CD279 and its ligands PD-L1 (B7-H1, CD274) and PD-L2 (B7-DC, CD273) play a vital role in the induction and maintenance of peripheral tolerance. Upregulated PD-1 expression is seen on conventional CD4+ CD25- T cells (Tconv) when exposed to mesenchymal stem cells, resulting in increased Tconv apoptosis due to PD-1 stimulation by the MSC PD-L2.