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Beschreibung

Major histocompatibility complex class I-related gene protein (UniProt: Q95460, also known as MHC class I-related gene protein, Class I histocompatibility antigen-like protein, MR1) is encoded by the MR1 gene (Gene ID: 3140) in human. MR1 is a single-pass membrane protein that is ubiquitous in its distribution and can heterodimerize with B2M. It serves as an antigen-presenting molecule specialized in presenting microbial vitamin B metabolites. It is involved in the development and expansion of a small population of T-cells expressing an invariant T-cell receptor alpha chain known as mucosal-associated invariant T-cells (MAIT). MAIT lymphocytes are preferentially located in the gut lamina propria and may be involved in monitoring commensal flora or serve as a distress signal. MR1-restricted T cells can discriminate between microbes in a TCR-dependent manner. However, these cells are shown to be severely reduced in circulation in subjects with chronic HIV-1 infection. MR1 is synthesized with a signal peptide (aa 1-22), which is subsequently cleaved off in the mature form. The mature form has an extracellular domain (aa 23-302), a transmembrane domain (aa-303-323), and a short cytoplasmic tail (aa 324-341). Its ligand binding region is localized to amino acids 23-201. Five different isoforms of MR1 have been described that are produced by alternative splicing. (Ref.: Young, MH et al., (2013). PLOS one 8(1), e53789, Leeansyah, E., et al. (2013). Blood. 121(7), 1124-1135).