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Beschreibung

C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (UniProt: P51681, also known as C-C CKR-5, CC-CKR-5, CCR-5, CCR5, CHEMR13, HIV-1 fusion coreceptor, CD195) is encoded by the CCR5 (also known as CMKBR5) gene (Gene ID: 1234) in human. CCR-5 is a multi-pass membrane protein that is expressed in memory T-cells, macrophages, and immature dendritic cells, and is upregulated by proinflammatory cytokines. It is also shown to be highly expressed in spleen, thymus, and on THP-1 and KG-1a cells. Lower expression is observed in ovary and lung. CCR-5 serves as a receptor for a number of inflammatory CC-chemokines and subsequently transduces a signal by increasing intracellular calcium levels. It also plays a role in the control of granulocytic lineage proliferation or differentiation. CCR-5 is acts as a co-receptor (CD4 being the primary receptor) of HIV-1 and HIV-2. It also couples to Gi class of G-proteins to inhibit cAMP production and stimulate calcium release. CCR-5 undergoes sulfation on two tyrosine residues in the N-terminal region, which increases efficiency of HIV-1 entry into cells. It also undergoes phosphorylation at C-terminal serine residues following binding to CC chemokines, especially APO-RANTES. Mutations in CCR5 gene have been linked to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (Ref.: Blanpain, C., et al. (2002). Receptors Channels. 8(1),19-31).