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Beschreibung

Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (UniProt: P03211, also known as EBNA-1, EBV nuclear antigen 1) is encoded by the EBNA1 (also known as BKRF1) gene (Gene ID: 3783709) in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). EBV is a gamma-herpesvirus, a causative agent of infectious mononucleosis. EBNA1, a multi-functional protein, plays an important role in maintaining EBV in the host cell and has been implicated in host cell immortalization. It plays an essential role in replication and partitioning of viral genomic DNA during latent viral infection. During this phase, the circular double-stranded viral DNA undergoes replication once per cell cycle and is efficiently partitioned to the daughter cells. EBNA1 activates the initiation of viral DNA replication through binding to specific sites in the viral latent origin of replication, oriP. It is also reported to direct the segregation of viral episomes by mediating their attachment to host cell metaphase chromosomes and is known to activate the transcription of several viral latency genes. By counteracting the stabilization of host p53, it also reduces apoptosis and increases host cell survival. EBNA1 is also a risk factor in a variety of malignancies and is the only viral protein found in all EBV-related malignancies. Its C-terminal region contains a dimerization domain and a DNA binding domain (aa 459-607). Although this domain is essential for its replication function of EBNA1, it is not sufficient for this activity and the N-terminal half of EBNA1 is also required. (Ref.: Sun, X., et al. (2010). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 107(7), 3146-3151, Duellman, SJ., and Burgess, RR. (2009). PLoS ONE 4(2): e4614, Wu, H., et al. (2002). J. Virol. 76(5), 2480-2490).