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Beschreibung

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha (UniProt: Q63787, also known as PI3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha, PI3K regulatory subunit alpha, PtdIns-3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha, Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase 85 kDa regulatory subunit alpha, PI3-kinase subunit p85-alpha, PtdIns-3-kinase regulatory subunit p85-alpha) is encoded by the Pik3r1 (Gene ID 25513) gene in rat. PI3 Kinase is a heterodimeric complex composed of an 85 kDa regulatory subunit and a 110 kDa catalytic subunit. It binds to activated (phosphorylated) protein tyrosine kinases, through its SH2 domain, and acts as an adapter, mediating the association of the p110 catalytic unit to the plasma membrane. PI3 Kinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of PI(4,5)P2 (PIP2) inositol ring at the 3 position to generate PI(3,4,5)P3 (PIP3), a potent second messenger that mediates the action of several growth factors. PI3 kinase is essential for the insulin signaling and also plays an important role in signaling in response to FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR4, KITLG/SCF, KIT, PDGFRA and PDGFRB. Tyrosine phosphorylation of growth factor receptors creates docking sites for p85 binding (through its SH2 domains), bringing p85-associated p110 proximal to its lipid substrate on the membrane. PI3 Kinase is also activated by Ras and by the beta and gamma subunits of heterotrimeric G-proteins.