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Beschreibung

Calbindin (UniProt: P12658, also known as Calbindin D28, D-28K, PCD-29, Spot 35 protein, Vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein, avian-type) is encoded by the calb1 gene (gene ID: 12307) in murine species. Calbindin D-28k is a member of a large family of intracellular calcium-binding proteins of the EF-hand related to calmodulin and troponin-C. Calbindin D-28K has four functional calcium-binding sites (aa 24-35, 111-122, 155-166, and 199-210). It has moderate cytoplasmic mobility and comprises six EF-hands, of which one or two are non-functioning in metal binding. EF-2 is viewed as non-metal binding and EF-6 may have a very low Ca2+ affinity. Four EF hands function in calcium binding with rapid to intermediate kinetics and affinity. The biological roles of Calbindin D-28K include calcium regulation and signaling, including calcium transport and uptake, calcification of bone and teeth, and calcium related signaling in neurons and transiently in embryological development. It also protects neurons from apoptotic cell death. Decline in Calbindin D-28K levels in hippocampal dentate granule cells correlates with the kindling model for epilepsy. Calbindin D-28K immunoreactivity is shown to be specifically absent from neuronal populations lost early in ALS, while substantial loss of neurons, which do contain this protein occur in patients with Huntington's disease. (Ref.: Schmidt, H (2012). Front. Mol. Neurosci. 5, 25).