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Beschreibung

Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein (UniProt: P02765, also known as Alpha-2-Z-globulin, Ba-alpha-2-glycoprotein, Fetuin-A, Alpha-2 Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein, AHSG) is encoded by the AHSG (also known as FETUA, PRO2743) gene (Gene ID: 197) in human. Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein is a serum protein of the cystatin superfamily that is synthesized by hepatocytes and is considered as a negative acute-phase reactant. It is highly expressed in various fetal tissues, but in adults it is mainly expressed in the liver. It is synthesized with a signal peptide (aa 1-18) and a connective propeptide (aa 301-340) and is subsequently cleaved into 2 chains known as Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein chain A and Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein chain B. The mature product is involved in multiple normal biological and pathological functions. It promotes possesses opsonic properties and is shown to be involved in endocytosis, brain development, bone resorption, regulation of insulin activity and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) activity. Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein also serves as a carrier protein and serves as a carrier for otherwise insoluble calcium phosphate and can act as a potent inhibitor of pathological vascular calcification. Higher levels of Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein have been reported in gestational and type II diabetes. It is also present at higher levels in patients with endometriosis. Lower levels of Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein are present in cancer subjects. (Ref.: Kalabay, L., et al. (2002). Eur. J. Endocrinol. 147(2), 243-248, Sindhu, S., et al. (2016). BMC Immunol. 17, 33).