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Beschreibung

TGF-beta receptor type-1 (UniProt: P36897, also known as EC:2.7.11.30, TGFR-1, Activin A receptor type II-like protein kinase of 53kD, Activin receptor-like kinase 5, ALK-5, Serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor R4, SKR4, Transforming growth factor-beta receptor type I, TbetaR-I) is encoded by the TGFBR1 (also known as ALK5, SKR4) gene (Gene ID: 7046) in human. TGF-beta R1 is found in all tissues examined and is most abundant in placenta and least abundant in brain and heart. It is also expressed in a variety of cancer cell lines. TGF-beta signaling involves its binding to the TGF-beta receptor type II (TGF-beta RII), which allows it to recruit TGF-beta receptor type I (TGF-beta RI) and assemble it as a heterodimeric receptor complex. TGF-beta RII phosphorylates TGF-beta RI in the glycine-serine (GS) rich region and activates the serine/threonine kinase activity of TGF-beta RI, which in turn phosphorylates receptor-linked Smad (Small mothers against decapentaplegic) proteins. To prevent any spontaneous phosphorylation of Smads, the inhibitor molecule FKBP12 binds to the GS region of the TGF-beta RI and blocks the access of TGF-beta RII to this domain. This inhibitory effect is removed upon TGF-beta binding to the receptor.