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Beschreibung

H2A.Z, also known as H2AFZ, is a variant of histone H2A that is highly conserved from yeast to humans. Like other histone variants, H2A.Z is encoded by a unique gene, resulting in a slightly divergent type of H2A with specialized functions. H2A.Z is involved in chromatin compaction by stabilizing the histone octamer within the nucleosome. It promotes gene expression through the creation of an open domain of chromatin that is more easily transcribed. H2A.Z is nonrandomly distributed throughout the genome, targeted primarily to pericentric heterochromatin, but excluded from the inactive X chromosome and the nucleolus. H2A.Z is associated with both euchromatin and facultative heterochromatin. DNA methylation can influence chromatin structure and effect gene silencing by excluding H2A.Z, and likewise, H2A.Z protects genes from DNA methylation. Thus, H2A.Z plays a role in regulating heterochromatin silencing and is involved in transcriptional control.