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Beschreibung

Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2 (UniProt Q86VL8, also known as hMATE-2, Kidney-specific H(+)/organic cation antiporter, MATE-2, Solute carrier family 47 member 2) is encoded by the SLC47A2 (also known as MATE2) gene (Gene ID 146802) in human. Multidrug and toxin extrusion (MATE) proteins are transporters mediating the efflux of organic cations from cells. Driven by oppositely directed proton gradient, MATEs are considered secondary active transporters. MATEs are located at the apical membrane of proximal tubular cells and work in concert with the basal organic cation transporters (OCTs) in the elimination of cationic drugs from the kidney. Human SLC47A2 gene produces two functional isoforms, the 602-a.a. canonical MATE2 (NP_690872.2, UniProt Q86VL8-1) and the shorter spliced isoform 566-a.a. MATE2-K (NP_001093116.1, UniProt Q86VL8-3) lacking a.a. 178-213 of MATE2 due to a partial deletion of exon 7-coding sequence. MATE2 and MATE2-K are preferentially localized in the kidney, while MATE2 is also detected in the placenta. MATE2 contains 13 transmembrane (a.a. 34-54, 67-87, 120-140, 154-174, 220-240, 249-269, 290-309, 328-348, 369-389, 403-423, 443-463, 467-487, 488-578) helices (TMHs), having its N-terminal end (a.a. 1-33) at the cytoplasmic side and its C-terminus (a.a. 600-602) at the extracellular side. The first twelve TMHs are required for proper transport function while the thirteenth TMH is likely needed for protein turnover.