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Beschreibung

The serine/threonine kinase Akt family contains several members, including Akt1 (also designated PKB or RacPK), Akt2 (also designated PKB-beta or RacPK-beta) and Akt3 (also designated PKB-gamma or thyoma viral proto-oncogene 3), which exhibit sequence homology with the protein kinase A and C families and are encoded by the c-Akt proto-oncogene. All members of the Akt family have a Pleckstrin homology domain. Akt1 and Akt2 are activated by PDGF stimulation. This activation is dependent on PDGFR-beta tyrosine residues 740 and 751, which bind the 85 kDa subunit of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) complex. Activation of Akt1 by insulin or insulin-growth factor-1(IGF-1) results in phosphorylation of both Thr 308 and Ser 473. Phosphorylation of both residues is important to generate a high level of Akt1 activity, and the phosphorylation of Thr 308 is not dependent on phosphorylation of Ser 473 in vivo. Thus, Akt proteins become phosphorylated and activated in insulin/IGF-1- stimulated cells by an upstream kinase(s). The activation of Akt1 and Akt2 is inhibited by the PI kinase inhibitor wortmannin. Taken together, this data strongly suggests that the protein signals downstream of the PI kinases.