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Category: Chiral Reagents, Pharmaceuticals, Intermediates and Fine Chemicals /// Application Notes: Stauprimide is an enhancer stem cell differentiation into endoderm. In vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells is of great interest to regenerative medicine, and current protocols are labor-intensive and expensive. Small molecules that induce or enhance differentiation are highly desired. High-content screening identified compounds that enhance endodermal differentiation in the presence of low levels of Activin A. Stauprimide increased definitive endodermal markers but not markers for visceral/parietal endoderm or mesoderm. Stauprimide-differentiated cells could be further differentiated into hepatocytes. Stauprimide treatment during differentiation decreased the concentration of Activin A required for definitive endoderm formation, and it eliminated the need for serum. The mechanism of action of stauprimide is to sensitize cells for differentiation. Stauprimide enabled differentiation into other cell lineages under varying differentiation conditions, including neurons, hematopoietic mesoderm, beating cardiac myocytes, and skeletal muscle. /// References: Ji, L., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 270, 13392 (1995), D'Amour, K., et al.: Nat. Biotechnol., 23, 1534 (2005), Eastham, A., et al.: Cancer Res., 67, 11254