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Beschreibung

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (UniProt: P27487, also known as EC:3.4.14.5, ADABP, Adenosine deaminase complexing protein 2, ADCP-2, Dipeptidyl peptidase IV, DPP IV, T-cell activation antigen CD26, TP103, CD26) is encoded by the DPP4 (also known as CD26, ADCP2) gene (Gene ID: 1803) in human. DPP4 is a single-pass type II membrane glycoprotein that is ubiquitously expressed on the surface of a variety of cells. It is expressed in endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and lymphocytes and on the apical surfaces of epithelial and acinar cells. It serves as a serine exopeptidase that cleaves X-proline or X-alanine dipeptides from the N-terminus of polypeptides. A soluble form of DPP4 is also present (aa 39-766) that is derived from the membrane by proteolytic processing. DPP4 expression is substantially dysregulated in a variety of disease states including inflammation, cancer, obesity, and diabetes and its inhibition by the gliptin family of drugs has gained importance for the therapy of type 2 diabetes. DPP4 is also involved in the costimulatory signal that is essential for T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated T-cell activation. Its levels are up-regulated by IL-12 on activated T-cells and down-regulated by TNF. DPP4 also plays a role in tumor development and its effect depends on the tumor type and its microenvironment. It has a tumor suppressor effect in several cancers including melanoma, ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, endometrial cancer, and neuroblastoma. Higher levels of DPP4 have been observed in pancreatic cancer and knockdown of DPP4 expression inhibits cell growth, migration, and invasion. (Ref.: Arias-Pinilla, GA., et al. (2020). Sci. Rep. 10, 537, Röhrborn, D., et al. (2015). Front. Immunol. 6, 386).