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Beschreibung

The neurophysin 1 and 2 (NPI and NPII) are carriers of peptide hormons oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP), respectively. Each NP and its associated hormon peptide are synthesized as one precursor protein, OT-NPI (UniProt P01179) encoded by the Oxt (or Ot) gene or AVP-NPII (UniProt P01186) encoded by the Avp gene in rat species. Posttranslational cleavages remove the signal peptide and process the precursor into mature OT and NPI (aa 20-28 and aa 32-135, respectively, of OT-NPI), or AVP and NPII (aa 24-32 and aa 36-128, respectively, of AVP-NPII). OT is a potent hormone and neurotransmitter secreted within the pituitary gland. OT exerts its biological activity through its receptor OXTR (also known as OTR). OT is used clinically for labor induction and may exhibit therapeutic potential for treating social anxiety disorders. AVP functions primarily as an antidiuretic and regulates the concentration of water, glucose, and salts in blood. AVP is secreted from the posterior pituitary, but exerts its biological activity in the kidney via the G protein-coupled receptor AVPR2 (V2R).