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Beschreibung

Regenerating islet-derived protein 3-alpha (UniProt: Q06141, also known as REG-3-alpha, Hepatointestinal pancreatic protein, HIP/PAP, Human proislet peptide, Pancreatitis-associated protein 1, Regenerating islet-derived protein III-alpha, Reg III-alpha) is encoded by the REG3A (also known as PAP, PAP1) gene (Gene ID: 5068) in human. REG3-alpha is a member of the C-type lectin super family that exhibits bactericidal activity against Gram-positive bacteria and mediates bacterial killing by binding to surface-exposed carbohydrate moieties of peptidoglycan. It is a secretory protein that appears in pancreatic juice after induction of pancreatic inflammation and is shown to be highly induced during acute pancreatitis. In normal healthy pancreas, very low to undetectable expression is seen. It is also involved in hepatic and pancreatic regeneration. REG3-alpha is synthesized with a signal peptide (aa 1-26) and a propeptide (aa 27-37) that are cleaved off in the mature protein. Proteolytic processing by trypsin is shown to remove the inhibitory propeptide and this step is essential for peptidoglycan binding and antibacterial activity. REG3-alpha contain a C-type lectin domain (aa 47-172) and an EPN (Glu-Pro-Asn) motif (aa 114-116), The EPN motif is essential for recognition of the peptidoglycan carbohydrate backbone and for efficient bacterial killing with Glu114 playing a key role in peptidoglycan binding and bactericidal activity.