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Beschreibung

Interleukin-6 (UniProt: P05231, also known as IL-6, B-cell stimulatory factor 2, BSF-2, CTL differentiation factor, CDF, Hybridoma growth factor, Interferon beta-2, IFN-beta-2) is encoded by the IL6 (also known as IFNB2) gene (Gene ID: 3569) in human. IL-6 is an immunoregulatory secreted cytokine that is synthesized with a signal peptide (aa 1-29), which is subsequently cleaved off to produce the mature form (aa 30-212). It is mainly produced in skeletal muscle and its levels are shown to increase upon exercise due to enhanced production by contracting skeletal muscles. It is a potent inducer of the acute phase response and rapid IL-6 production contributes to host defense during infection and tissue injury. In the innate immune response, it is synthesized by myeloid cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, upon recognition of pathogens through toll-like receptors (TLRs) at the site of infection. In the adaptive immune response, it is required for the differentiation of B cells into immunoglobulin-secreting cells. It is reported to plays a major role in the differentiation of CD4+ T cell subsets and is an essential factor for the development of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. Its actions are mediated by binding to IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) and the ligand-receptor complex associates to the signaling subunit IL6ST/gp130. The interaction with the membrane-bound IL6R and IL6ST is reported to stimulate the classic signaling, whereas the binding of IL6 and soluble IL6R to IL6ST stimulates trans-signaling where synergistically with IL-1b and TNF it can induce the production of VEGF and stimulate angiogenesis. (Ref.: Nakahara, H., et al. (2003). Arthritis Rheum. 48(6), 1521-1529, Boulanger, MJ., et al. (2003). Science. 300(5628), 2101-2104).