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Beschreibung

Cohesin subunit SA-1 (UniProt: Q9D3E6, also known as SCC3 homolog 1, Stromal antigen 1) is encoded by the Stag1 (also known as Sa1) gene (Gene ID: 20842) in murine species. Cohesin are known to mediate sister chromatid cohesion and 3D genome folding. They hold the sister chromatids together to ensure correct DNA repair by homologous recombination and proper chromosome segregation during cell division. They are essential for cell proliferation. The cohesin complex forms a large proteinaceous ring within which sister chromatids can be trapped and at anaphase stage. The complex is cleaved and dissociates from chromatin, allowing sister chromatids to segregate. This complex may also play a role in spindle pole assembly during mitosis. Two variant cohesin complexes containing Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMC) 1, SMC3, RAD21 and either STAG/SA1 or STAG2/SA2 are present in all cell types. Before prophase, STAG1/SA1 appears to be scattered along chromosome arms. However, during prophase, most of cohesin complexes dissociate from chromatin. This dissociation is probably due to its phosphorylation by PLK1. At anaphase, the RAD21 subunit is cleaved that leads to the dissociation of the complex from chromosomes, allowing their separation. (Ref.: De Koninck, M., et al. (2020). Cell Rep.32(6), 108014, Kojic, A., et al. (2018). Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 25(6), 496-504).