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Beschreibung

Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 3 (UniProt Q9UQE7, also known as Bamacan, Basement membrane-associated chondroitin proteoglycan, Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 6, Chromosome-associated polypeptide, hCAP, SMC protein 3, SMC-3) is encoded by the SMC3 (also known as BAM, BMH, CDLS3, CSPG6, SMC3L1) gene (Gene ID 9126) in human. Cohesion is a nuclear tripartite complex composed of Rad21 and two structural maintenance of chromosomes proteins, SMC1 and SMC3. Cohesin plays an important role in sister chromatid cohesion, as well as in DNA repair and gene expression regulation. To establish sister chromatid cohesion during S phase, SMC3 is acetylated (on K105 and K106 in human) by two cohesin acetyltransferases (CoATs), ESCO1 and ESCO2, that differ in their N-terminal domains and expression during development and across the cell cycle. ChIP-seq analysis reveals that ESCO1 is recruited by cohesin to over 11,000 chromatin sites occupied by cohesin and CTCF that mediate long-range chromatin interactions and regulate transcription globally. On ther other hand, ESCO2 is infrequently enriched at sites targeted by REST/NRSF (RE1-silencing transcription factor/neuron-restrictive silencer factor) that represses transcription of neuron-specific genes. SMC3 acetylation is thought to induce conformational changes of the dimeric hinge structure during S phase and to allow dimer opening and loading of DNA.