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Beschreibung

Platelet-derived growth factor subunit A (UniProt: P04085d, also known as PDGF subunit A, PDGF-1, Platelet-derived growth factor A chain, Platelet-derived growth factor alpha polypeptide) is encoded by the PDGFA (also known as PDGF1) gene (Gene ID: 5154) in human. PDGFs are a family of four cystine-knot-type growth factors (PDGF-A, -B, -C and -D) that are dimeric mitogenic signaling molecules. In the early developmental stage, they drive the proliferation of undifferentiated mesenchyme and some progenitor populations. During later maturation stages they participate in tissue remodeling, cellular differentiation, and morphogenesis. PDGF A and B can exist as two A subunits (PDGF-AA), two B subunits (PDGF-BB), or one of each (PDGF-AB). These dimeric forms are differentially expressed in various cell types. Their action is mediated via two types of receptors PDGFR and PDGFRbeta, which belong to the class III receptor tyrosine kinases and exhibit different expression patterns and physiological roles. PDGFR signaling controls gastrulation and the development of several organs such as lung, intestine, skin, testis, kidney, bones, and neuroprotective tissues and PDGFRbeta signaling is an essential regulator of early hematopoiesis and blood vessel formation. PDGF-A is homodimeric protein that is synthesized with a signal peptide (aa 1-20) and a propeptide (aa 21-86) that are subsequently cleaved off to produce the mature protein (aa 87-211). Its signaling activity is modulated by the formation of heterodimers with PDGFB. It plays an essential role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, cell migration, survival, and chemotaxis. It is also required for normal lung alveolar septum formation during embryogenesis, normal development of the gastrointestinal tract, normal development of Leydig cells and spermatogenesis. It is also involved in normal oligodendrocyte development and normal myelination in the spinal cord and cerebellum.