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Beschreibung

Islet amyloid polypeptide (UniProt: P10997, also known as Amylin, Diabetes-associated peptide, DAP, Insulinoma amyloid peptide, IAPP) is encoded by the IAPP gene (Gene ID: 3375) in human. IAPP is a secreted peptide that is degraded by insulin degrading enzyme (IDE). IAPP is a major constituent of amyloid deposits in pancreatic islets, characteristic histopathology for type 2 diabetes. The mature IAPP is largely unstructured in the absence of a cognate ligand, and has a strong tendency to form fibrillar aggregates. In diabetic islets, water-soluble IAPP is shown to disappear in beta-cell granules and is transformed to water-insoluble amyloid deposits that can initiate beta cell necrosis. Oligomers of human IAPP can form toxic oligomers and induce apoptosis in cultured pancreatic cells. IAPP is shown to selectively inhibit insulin-stimulated glucose utilization and glycogen deposition in muscle, but does not affect adipocyte glucose metabolism. (Ref.: Bram, Y., et al. (2014). Scientific Reports 4, Article number: 4267, Tomita, T. (2012). Islets. 4(3): 223 232).