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Beschreibung

DNA replication licensing factor MCM5 (UniProt: P33992, also known as EC:3.6.4.12, CDC46 homolog, P1-CDC46) is encoded by the MCM5 (also known as CDC46) gene (Gene ID: 4174) in human. MCM5 protein as a component of the MCM2-7 (Mini-Chromosome Maintenance, MCM) complex), which consists of six sequence-related AAA + type ATPases/helicases that form a hetero-hexameric ring. It is a putative replicative helicase essential for 'once per cell cycle' DNA replication initiation and elongation in eukaryotic cells. The active ATPase sites in the MCM2-7 ring are formed through the interaction surfaces of two neighboring subunits such that a critical structure of a conserved arginine finger motif is provided in trans relative to the ATP-binding site of the Walker A box of the adjacent subunit. The six ATPase active sites, however, are likely to contribute differentially to the complex helicase activity. MCM5 is upregulated in the transition from the G0 to G1/S phase of the cell cycle, indicating its active participation in cell cycle regulation. In the G1 phase, inactive MCM2-7 complex is loaded onto origins of DNA replication and during G1-S phase, MCM2-7 complex is activated to unwind the double stranded DNA and plays an important role in DNA replication forks elongation.