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Beschreibung

DNA polymerase beta (EC 2.7.7.7, UniProt P06746, also known as DNA pol beta, DNA polymerase beta subunit) is encoded by the POLB gene (Gene ID 5423) in human. DNA polymerase beta is involved in DNA recombination and base-excision repair (BER). Upon oxidative DNA damage, Polb translocates to the nucleus, where it associates with AP endonuclease 1 (Apex) to carry out DNA repair. Apex makes a single nick 5' to an abasic site in double-stranded DNA, Polb then inserts the replacement nucleotide(s). Aberrant POLB overexpression results in an increased rate of spontaneous mutagenesis and a highly mutagenic tolerance phenotype. Thirty percent of all tumors are reported to harbor mutations in the POLB gene.