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Beschreibung

Ras proteins are GTPases encoded by three genes: HRAS, KRAS, and NRAS. The protein products of these genes exhibit a high degree of sequence identity and are regulated by a conserved mechanism: exchange of GDP for GTP switches the Ras protein into an active conformation. In its GTP-bound state, Ras has high affinity for its downstream effectors, including the Raf family of protein kinases (ARAF, BRAF, and CRAF/RAF1). Raf proteins, in turn, signal through MEK to activate the MAPK pathway. In healthy cells, Ras activation is a transient response to extracellular growth stimuli and is restricted by the rapid conversion of Ras-GTP back to Ras-GDP. However, the Ras-Raf-MEK pathway is often aberrantly activated in cancer. Mutations in the RAS genes are amongst the most frequently encountered oncogenic events, occurring in ~25% of human cancers, with mutations altering the 12th amino acid (glycine) being particularly prevalent. These driver mutations maintain Ras in a constitutively active, GTP-bound state. Additionally, certain cancers feature KRAS gene amplification, although the effects of gene amplification on protein expression are not yet well-characterized.The MILLIPLEX(R) MAP 6-plex Ras-Raf Oncoprotein Magnetic Bead Kit (Cat. No. 48-684MAG) is a premixed kit to be used for the simultaneous quantification of the following 6 protein analytes:pBRAF (Ser446)pCRAF (Ser338)pMEK1 (Ser217/Ser221)Ras (total)Mutant Ras protein, RasG12D*Mutant Ras protein, RasG12V**Detects H-Ras, N-Ras, and K-Ras protein