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Beschreibung

Partitioning defective 3 homolog (UniProt Q8TEW0, also known as ASIP, Atypical PKC isotype-specific-interacting protein, Bazooka, CTCL tumor antigen se2-5, Par-3 family cell polarity regulator alpha, Par-3 partitioning defective 3 homolog, PAR3-alpha, Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 118) is encoded by the PARD3 (also known as Baz, PAR3, PAR3A, PARD3A, PPP1R118) gene (Gene ID 56288) in human. Par3 is a PDZ (PSD95/Dlg/ZO-1) domain-containing membrane scaffold adapter protein that plays an important role in epithelial cell tight junction (TJ) formation and apico-basal polarity maintenance. Together with PAR6, atypical protein kinase C (aPKC), and the Rho GTPase CDC42, Par3 forms a complex that regulates cytoskeleton re-organization, post-golgi vesicle trafficking, microtubule network polarization, and asymmetric cell division. PAR6 interacts directly with aPKC isoforms iota/lambda and zeta to form the complex core. Recruitment of GTP-bound CDC42 to the PAR6-aPKC core induces aPKC phosphorylation/activation by PAR6, and subsequent PAR3 binding. Another quaternary apical junctional complex (AJC), Willin&ndash,Par6-aPKC&ndash,Par3, has also been reported. In this case, the complex-associated aPKC functions to phosphorylate ROCK, resulting in ROCK dissociation from the AJC and thereby preventing excessive ROCK-dependent apical constriction.